The first feature that differs and alienates Othello from the Venetian society is his race (Vaughan 33). Othello as an Outcast of the Venetian Society In addition, Othello’s alienation is also revealed through linguistic and contextual techniques. The hero is also an outsider in expressing his thoughts and manners he is unable to accommodate the moral and ethical norms of human behavior and, therefore, such an opposition dooms Othello to be a permanent outsider, which also makes him a tragic figure. His consciousness is overwhelmed with jealousy and fury. Hence, due to his otherness, Othello is unable to enter the rational society. His alienation from actions and concerns affects his much because his physical appearance along with his character traits is in dissonance with the context of the play. If the difference in skill is not so big, then one, two or three corner advantages can be given.The play Othello by Shakespeare is a tragedy of human relationships where the protagonist is unable to adjust to the rules and principles of Venetian society. When a very skilled player is playing against an unskilled player, then the skilled player may take on a handicap by setting up the board to give his weaker opponent a four corner advantage. Handicapsīecause there is an advantage in starting first, the more experienced player should give this advantage to the less experienced player.

When one player's clock runs out of time, no matter what the position or number of chips on the board, that player looses the game. There are varying time limits ranging from 5 minutes up to 30 minutes as seen in the world championship rules. The clock will start counting down at the beginning of a player's first move and be paused each time they complete a turn whilst the opposing player's clock is ticking down. This timing element adds more pressure to the game. Players can start with a preset time limit for their total number of moves. The discs are now counted and the player with the majority of his or her color discs on the board is the winner. When it is no longer possible for either player to move, the game is over. When a player runs out of discs, but still has opportunities to outflank an opposing disc, then the opponent must give the player a disc to use. Once a disc has been placed on a square, it can never be moved to another square later in the game. However, if a move is available to you, you can't forfeit your turn. If you can't outflank and flip at least one opposing disc, you must pass your turn. The black discs will be flipped to white.Īll the discs which are outflanked will be flipped, even if it is to the player's advantage not to flip them.ĭiscs may only be outflanked as a direct result of a move and must fall in the direct line of the disc being played. The black discs on E4, E5 and E6 are now outflanked by the white disc on E3 and the white disc on E7. White places in the illustration a disc on E3. Valid MovesĪ move is made by placing a disc of the player's color on the board in a position that 'out-flanks' one or more of the opponent's discs.Ī disc or row of discs is outflanked when it is surrounded at the ends by discs of the opposite color.Ī disc may outflank any number of discs in one or more rows in any direction (horizontal, vertical, diagonal).įor example: a white piece is being placed on the board that creates a straight line made up of a white piece at either end and only black pieces in between. When both players can not make a valid move the gane ends. When a player has no valid moves, he pass his turn and the opponent continues.Ī player can not voluntarily forfeit his turn.

one player can not make a valid move to outflank the opponent.

Then the game alternates between white and black until:

One player plays black and the other white.Įach player gets 32 discs and black always starts the game. Othello is a strategy board game played between 2 players. The goal is to get the majority of colour discs on the board at the end of the game. White is forming a North-West to South-East direction. They are arranged with black forming a North-East to South-West direction. The board will start with 2 black discs and 2 white discs at the centre of the board. A square 8x8 board (you could use a chess board)Ħ4 discs coloured black on one side and white on the opposite side.

Othello rules